Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Courtney Carter
/ Categories: WELLNESS, 2024

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

You can’t see it, you can’t smell it, but you can prevent it

An odorless, tasteless, colorless gas, carbon monoxide (CO) is a potentially deadly danger that may be in your home right now.

A byproduct of burning fossil fuels, CO can quickly build up in poorly ventilated spaces. Common sources of CO in the home include:

  • Furnaces and gas heaters

  • Kerosene heaters

  • Fireplaces and wood stoves

  • Gas stoves and ovens

  • Portable generators

With the increased use of heating sources in winter and the sealing of doors and windows to keep out winter’s chill, the risk of increased CO levels in the home increases.

When breathed in by people or animals, CO builds up in the blood replacing oxygen in red blood cells. This can lead to serious tissue damage and, as noted, death.

Symptoms of CO poisoning vary based on the level and length of exposure.

Mild symptoms are commonly mistaken for the flu and include:

  • Headache

  • Fatigue

  • Shortness of breath

  • Nausea

  • Dizziness

  • Chest pain

High-level exposure can cause:

  • Mental confusion

  • Vomiting

  • Loss of coordination

  • Loss of consciousness

  • Death

While CO is undetectable to humans, CO detectors can alert you to dangerous levels.

Available online and at most hardware stores, detectors range from $15 to $50 and last up to 10 years.

The International Association of Fire Chiefs recommends installing at least one carbon monoxide detector on every floor of your home, including the basement. Detectors should be positioned within 10 feet of each bedroom and near or over any attached garage. Much like a smoke alarm, a CO detector will emit a loud noise when the gas is detected. Never ignore a CO alarm or attempt to find the source.

If you hear the alarm or even just suspect poisoning:

  • Immediately move outside to fresh air

  • Call the gas company, fire department or 9-1-1

  • Make sure every person and/or pet in your home is accounted for

  • Do not re-enter the home until emergency responders tell you it’s safe to do so

Be sure to test or change the batteries in your CO detector every six months. 

Other steps you can take to prevent CO poisoning include:

  • Have your heating system, water heater, and any other gas, oil, or coal-burning appliances serviced by a qualified technician every year.

  • Keep vents and flues free of debris

  • Never leave the engine running in a vehicle parked in an attached garage or carport

  • Never run a gasoline-powered engine (motor vehicle, generator, pressure washer) less than 20 feet from an open window, door, or vent

  • Never use a charcoal grill, hibachi, lantern, or portable camping stove inside a home, tent, or camper

  • Never run a generator, pressure washer, or any gasoline-powered engine inside an enclosed structure or basement, even if the doors or windows are open

 

CO poisoning is entirely preventable.  Visit the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s CO Poisoning webpage to learn more.

 

Sean Burns, MD, is the SVMC EMS Medical Director/District 12 Medical Advisor. 

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Emergency Department: Open, Ready, Safe. 

The last 3 months have been a uniquely challenging experience in the SVMC Emergency Department (ED) and emergency departments and hospitals all over the country and the world. I am very proud of all our staff has done and continues to do to ensure safe care for patients during this era of COVID-19. We are grateful that cases of COVID-19 in our area have been the lowest in the U.S. and have decreased even further over the past several weeks. We are also heartened to see that patients who had been avoiding the ED are now confident to return to get the care they need.

It may be surprising to hear that over the past few months, the sickest patients we have seen in the ER have not had COVID-19. Many people have refrained from seeking care for serious medical problems due to the fear of being exposed to the virus, assuming that the hospital was not a safe place to be and not recognizing the seriousness of their symptoms. The most challenging moments of the past several months have involved critically ill patients who tried to stay away for far too long due to fear of being exposed to COVID-19. We have had many sad moments trying to care for those who waited until it was too late for us to help with conditions that could have been easily treated if presented sooner.

One might expect that the greatest challenges related to the pandemic were those needed to adapt our facilities and procedures and the work of caring for sick COVID-19 patients. SVMC is fortunate to have built a strong foundation of safety and infection-prevention methods over many years, which made this transition much easier. Still, when it became apparent that we were going to see COVID-19 cases coming through our doors, we implemented many COVID-specific changes very quickly.

From day one our staff have all been fully trained to use protective equipment effectively, to focus on cleaning and disinfecting, and to move patients safely through the new areas created to keep them safe. We also spaced the waiting room chairs to allow for plenty of distance and initiated drive-by testing to keep potentially contagious people outside and away from other patients.

We immediately increased our standard of protective equipment we use. For example, all staff who relate with patients now wear both a mask and protective shield, which is a proven and effective strategy to prevent transmission. Those staff who work with patients with respiratory or other contagious symptoms also wear a gown and advanced respirators developed in cooperation with Mack Molding in Arlington. They look strange, but they help us deliver care safely.

We also quickly built special spaces and units in the hospital to treat and segregate patients with respiratory symptoms who might be contagious from those with other routine medical problems. Outpatients with symptoms that could be related to COVID-19 are directed to a spacious area called the Respiratory Evaluation Center. There they can be taken to a safe treatment space called a negative-pressure room without encountering any patients who are using the ED for other reasons or any staff who are not fully equipped with protective gear. There are similar, safe, negative-pressure units for those who require treatment in the ED or hospital.

Our hard work paid off. We have treated a number of COVID-19 patients in our ED and, as far as we know, not a single staff member was sickened in relation to their work here, and no patients have contracted COVID-19 while under our care. With our current procedures and drastically declining COVID numbers, we are confident that we can continue that trend. Furthermore, SVMC recently received a perfect score on a rigorous survey specifically designed to judge our ability to prevent transmission of COVID-19. At this time our ED is safer than just about any other public place you could go.

My goal in writing today is to communicate that SVMC’s Emergency Department is open, ready, and safe. If you need emergency care, we are here and we can care for you safely. Please do not defer emergency care until it is too late for us to help. While many symptoms can represent a serious medical problem, the most concerning are chest pain, difficulty breathing, fast heart rate, confusion, high fever, intense headache, drooping face, dehydration, or weakness. Of course, with any other symptom you feel indicates a serious problem, come in right away or call 9-1-1.

For us, spending time with patients and connecting on a personal level is the best part of our jobs. We take pride in our life-saving role in our communities and the work we have been able to do during the pandemic, but we cannot help if you do not come in. Please don’t hesitate to get the care you need when you need it.

Adam Cohen, MD, is a board-certified emergency medicine physician at Southwestern Vermont Medical Center. He also serves as the chair of the Department of Emergency Medicine and the medical director of SVMC’s Emergency Department.

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