Colonoscopy FAQ: What Do The Results Mean?

March is Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month, bringing attention to the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States, behind only lung cancer.

Colorectal cancer is also one of the most preventable forms of cancer and a colonoscopy is the primary method of detection. It allows for not only early detection but also treatment as your doctor can remove polyps during the procedure that can otherwise turn into cancer.

The Endoscopy team at SVMC receives a lot of similar questions about the when, the how and ‘the what’ of colonoscopies As screenings can be up to 10 years apart, even patients familiar with the procedure can be understandably confused about how to prep and what to expect. 

Below are the most frequently asked questions in regards to understanding your results. Of course, be sure to talk with your provider if you have additional questions.

Q. What does a positive colonoscopy result mean?

A. It indicates that the doctor has found something abnormal during the procedure. The abnormality may be a growth, such as a polyp or tumor, or inflammation or damage to the lining of the colon. 

Q. Can you explain the different types of polyps that may be found?

A. There are two kinds of polyps: benign and neoplastic. Hyperplastic and inflammatory polyps are benign and usually require no treatment, though your doctor will often remove these anyway. Neoplastic polyps include adenocarcinoma (colon cancer) and adenomas and are precancerous. The doctor removing these during your procedure prevents the polyps from developing into cancer.

While small polyps can often be removed during a colonoscopy, larger ones may require surgery.

Q. If my polyps are precancerous, what does that mean?

A. Thankfully, removal of these polyps stops it from forming into cancer. However, you may be required to screen more often.

Q. What if my colonoscopy finds cancer?

A. Your provider will work with you on next steps and options for treatment.

Q. What if the findings are normal?

A. If no abnormalities are discovered, an adult at average risk of colon cancer is generally advised to have a repeat colonoscopy 10 years until not warranted or advised. 

To learn more about colonoscopy services at SVMC, visit this link.