Separating Fact from Fiction: Common Myths About Alzheimer's Disease Debunked
Courtney Carter
/ Categories: WELLNESS, 2024

Separating Fact from Fiction: Common Myths About Alzheimer's Disease Debunked

A progressive neurological disorder, Alzheimer's disease is often misunderstood due to various long-held myths and misconceptions. These myths can hinder understanding and delay diagnosis and treatment.

Here, we address six of the most common myths about disease.

Myth 1: Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia Are the Same

A common misconception is that Alzheimer's disease and dementia are interchangeable terms. Dementia is a general term for a decline in mental ability severe enough to interfere with daily life, while Alzheimer's is the most common cause of dementia. Other types of dementia include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia.

Myth 2: Only Older Adults Develop Alzheimer's

While age is a significant risk factor*, Alzheimer's is not exclusive to the elderly. Early-onset Alzheimer's can occur in individuals as young as 30, although it is rare. Approximately 5% of people with Alzheimer's have early-onset forms of the disease, however, this is more likely to be related to genetic risk factors than the late onset variant.

Myth 3: Memory Loss Is a Normal Part of Aging

While some memory loss can be expected with aging, Alzheimer's-related memory loss is different. It involves more severe and persistent memory problems that interfere with daily life. It is crucial to differentiate between normal age-related forgetfulness and Alzheimer's symptoms.

Myth 4: Alzheimer's Is Solely a Genetic Disease

Although genetics can play a role in the development of Alzheimer's, it is not solely a hereditary disease. Lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, and exposure to environmental risks also contribute to the risk. Having a parent with Alzheimer's does not guarantee that one will develop the disease.

Myth 5: There Is No Hope or Treatment for Alzheimer's

While it’s true there is currently no cure for Alzheimer's, there are treatments available that can manage symptoms and improve quality of life. Medications can help with cognitive symptoms, and ongoing research is exploring new treatment avenues. Early diagnosis and intervention can significantly enhance the quality of life for those affected.

Current medications cannot stop worsening of symptoms or bring lost memory back, but can help to slow the progression of the disease.  Beginning these medications earlier in the disease course may help to preserve daily functioning and allow for planning for the future.  Equally as important as medications are support networks, addressing safety issues, and proper living arrangements.

Myth 6: Alzheimer's Can Be Prevented

No definitive prevention method exists today. However, certain lifestyle choices may reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer's. These include maintaining a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and managing cardiovascular health. However, these strategies do not guarantee prevention.

Dispelling myths about Alzheimer's disease is crucial for improving understanding and support for those affected. By recognizing the facts, individuals and caregivers can seek appropriate medical advice early, which can lead to better management of the disease and enhanced quality of life for patients and their families.

 

Jennie Smyth is a PA with the neurology department of Southwestern Vermont Medical Center

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Moving Forward Safely

One of the most frustrating and anxiety-producing traits of our COVID –19 pandemic is how much uncertainty is involved in all aspects of this disease. Symptoms caused by the Coronavirus, age groups affected, the usefulness of medications, anticipated death rate, and the timeline for development of a vaccine are examples of information that sometimes change on a weekly basis.

Vermonters have done a great job of limiting the spread of the virus and protecting our most vulnerable neighbors by following the Governor's "Stay Home, Stay Safe" order over the past few months. Now, we've all been directed to wear masks in public. Both Bennington and Wilmington's Select Boards have passed local mandates requiring masks in public places. Thanks to these efforts—along with distancing, handwashing, and other factors—Vermont is among the states with the fewest number of infections. Continuing each of these important infection-prevention strategies is crucial to returning to a more normal way of life.

As we open up and begin to re-connect, we fully expect to see a rise in COVID –19 cases in Vermont. Thankfully, we have had time to prepare for this increase. We also have adequate PPE, and increased testing will help us gather crucial information for stemming the spread with less disruption to our normal lives.

More than ever, I find it helpful to focus on what we have learned and how it can help us move forward safely. Here is some of what we have learned so far: Most large hospitals, often treating over 1000 COVID patients daily, effectively protected their workers by obsessively following the rules of screening, hygiene, distancing, and masking. Each of these components is designed to work together; Each alone has its inherent limits.

  • Absent quick testing at the workplace, the best screening is asking employees if they have COVID-like symptoms (fever, chills, new cough, shortness of breath, sore throat, loss of taste or smell) and to stay home if they do.
  • Washing our hands (or using sanitizer) after touching well-handled items or visiting populated areas. Washing your hands 10 times daily is not too often.
  • Though an uncovered sneeze or cough can travel farther, 6 feet distancing continues to be the sweet spot for safety.
  • Masks (double layer cotton and surgical) are effective to prevent spreading of large and some small droplets containing virus. They also seem to give some minimal protection to those wearing a mask. Since possibly 40 percent of transmission happens when we do not have symptoms, we wear our masks to protect others and to suppress overall infection rate. They also help many people (not all) to avoid touching their face. The downside is a warm chin; the upside is you may be protecting someone from a significant illness. Masks are not a symbol of government intrusion. Masks are simply a tool to protect others and show empathy.

It is difficult to predict how many COVID-19 infections will occur in our communities in the coming months. What I am certain of is that our choices, on where we go and what we do, often affect the safety of those around us. As we learn to live with this virus in our community, following the recommendation above will help us all.

Marie George, MD, is SVMC’s infectious disease specialist.

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