Prostate Cancer Screenings: Early Detection Improves Outcomes
Courtney Carter
/ Categories: WELLNESS, 2024

Prostate Cancer Screenings: Early Detection Improves Outcomes

In the United States, 1 in 8 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in his lifetime. Despite the alarmingly high number of men who develop prostate cancer, there is good news: more than 80% of all prostate cancers are detected when the cancer is confined to the prostate or the region around it, making it highly treatable. In fact, the 5-year survival rate in the U.S. for men diagnosed with early-stage prostate cancer is greater than 99%.

However, that success rate doesn’t mean prostate cancer is never deadly. Every day, 94 men die from prostate cancer in the U.S., making it the second leading cause of cancer death among men in the country. The real tragedy in those numbers is how easy it is to screen for the disease.

The most common screening method is a simple blood test called prostate specific antigen (PSA).

PSA is a substance made by the prostate, which then becomes detectable in your blood. PSA levels tend to be higher in men who have prostate cancer. But because other factors can influence PSA levels, including age, benign prostate enlargement, and certain medications, it’s important to let your doctor interpret your PSA test results. If your levels are abnormal, your doctor may refer you to a urologist who may recommend other tests, including imaging or prostate biopsy. It’s important to note that the actual diagnosis of prostate cancer can only be made with a biopsy.

 

As for who should get a screening and when, the American Cancer Society recommends men discuss screening with their doctor at the following ages and risk levels:

  • Age 40 for men at even higher risk (those with more than one first-degree relative who had prostate cancer at an early age)

  • Age 45 for men at high risk of developing prostate cancer. This includes African American men and men who have a first-degree relative (father or brother) diagnosed with prostate cancer at an early age (younger than age 65).

  • Age 50 for men who are at average risk of prostate cancer and are expected to live at least 10 more years

If no prostate cancer is found, the timing for future screenings will be determined by the findings of the PSA test:

  • Men who have a PSA level of less than 2.5 ng/mL may only need to be retested every 2 years.

  • Screening should be done yearly for men whose PSA level is 2.5 ng/mL or higher.

 

WHEN TO SEE A DOCTOR

In most cases, early prostate cancer has very few or no symptoms. When they do appear, they may include:

  • Problems urinating, including a slow or weak urinary stream, or the need to urinate more often

  • Blood in the urine or semen

Symptoms of more advanced prostate cancer can include those noted above and:

  • Trouble getting an erection (erectile dysfunction or ED)

  • Pain in the hips, back (spine), chest (ribs), or other areas, from cancer that has spread to the bones

  • Weakness or numbness in the legs or feet, or even loss of bladder or bowel control, from cancer in the spine pressing on the spinal cord

  • Weight loss

  • Feeling very tired

In many cases, these symptoms are caused by something other than prostate cancer. However, it’s still important to tell your health care provider about your symptoms so they can determine the cause and treat it.

 

Matthew Vernon, MD, is a radiation oncologist at the Dartmouth Regional Cancer Center at Southwestern Vermont Medical Center 

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SVMC Creates Virtual Waiting Room to Encourage Distancing

BENNINGTON, VT—May 29, 2020—Starting Monday, many people who need in-person appointments at Southwestern Vermont Health Care's (SVHC) hospital and clinics will no longer need to use traditional waiting rooms. A virtual system created by the hospital allows patients to call 802-447-5000 when they arrive in the parking lot and receive a text message when their provider is ready to see them.

SVMC's outpatient and inpatient surgeries and diagnostic services, like those for imaging and laboratory work, have resumed with enhanced safety protocols per the directive of Governor Phil Scott. The health system's emergency department, ExpressCare, emergency surgical services, and most of its primary and specialty practices remained open during the pandemic.

"SVHC has provided safe, high-quality care throughout the pandemic." Said Thomas A. Dee, FACHE, Southwestern Vermont Health Care’s (SVHC) president and CEO. "Innovation has been an important part of providing care during these extraordinary times and this new program decreases the number of people in our waiting rooms and allows them to stay the recommended 6 feet apart or more."

In order to use the virtual waiting room, patients must be able to wait in their vehicle and have a charged cell phone with them. They will receive the virtual waiting room telephone number during their appointment-reminder telephone call. Signs outside the building and at the respiratory check-in stations inside the main hospital and medical office building entrances will also include the number to call.

Patients simply call the number when they arrive in the parking lot and wait in their cars. When the provider is ready to see them, they will receive a text message alert to indicate that they should come in.

"We love that we can use the same technology that most people carry with them to help people stay socially distanced," said Gail Balch, RN, who directs information technology at SVMC. "It's through innovations like this one that we are able to resume services safely and ensure patients receive the care they need."

Hospital and clinic staff anticipate that the new program will allow greater distance between people who must use traditional waiting rooms, including those who walked or took public transportation to their appointment and those who do not have a cell phone.

Additional safety protocols indicate that all patients should arrive to the hospital or clinic with their own cloth face covering. Face coverings must be worn over the mouth and nose for the entire duration of patients' visits. Patients should also come alone, unless they absolutely need assistance from a loved one.

For questions about how to resume or initiate elective care, call your primary care provider or the specialist directly. For a list of providers, visit svhealthcare.org/physician-directory.

Patients with cough or shortness of breath or any two of the following—fever, chills, muscle pain, headache, sore throat, or new loss of taste or smell—should contact their primary care provider or the COVID-19 Informational Hotline at 802-440-8844 before arriving to either their provider’s office or the hospital. For a detailed list of safety protocols, frequently asked questions, visitor guidelines, and COVID-19 information, visit svhealthcare.org.

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