COVID Now
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/ Categories: WELLNESS, 2022

COVID Now

As the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on society recede, we must recognize that health risks remain, particularly for older individuals and those with compromising health conditions. Fortunately, the mortality and rate of severe illness have declined with the use of vaccines and treatments. Here is the latest.

  • COVID-19 hospitalizations in the U.S. are rising, similar to last year at this time
  • One difference is that hospitalizations are primarily limited to people above 65 this season due in part to population immunity from vaccination and prior infection(s)
  • Models forecast continued growth in hospitalizations through January
  • An increase in illness from other respiratory viruses has put a severe strain on hospitals
  • New variants are not causing worse disease thus far

Mitigation and prevention

  • Doctors and epidemiologists continue to recommend risk assessment in considering mitigation measures such as masking and avoiding crowds
  • Someone above the age of 65 or who has an underlying medical condition may choose to wear an N95 mask whenever in public, whereas a healthy, young person may choose to mask only when in crowded areas or not at all
  • In addition to age and underlying health, a risk assessment includes one's tolerance for becoming ill
  • No one, whether they are at risk for severe disease or not, wants to be ill while on vacation or during another significant event and thus may choose to mask for several days prior

Risk

  • Risk can be a difficult concept
  • Take, for example, a situation in which there is a 5% chance you will be exposed, perhaps attending a crowded, indoor venue
  • Many healthy people may elect to take that chance
  • However, there is a cumulative effect when the activity is repeated
  • If the individual attends the same venue 15 times, that 5% chance increases to a greater than 50% chance of exposure

Vaccine

  • There are demonstrable benefits to the individual and the community in remaining up to date with COVID-19 vaccine recommendations
  • Those who are up to date with the vaccine and become infected have a
    • Shorter duration of illness, and
    • Reduced severity of disease
  • They are also less likely to experience long-term sequelae from the disease
  • The COVID-19 vaccine schedule continues to be modified and will likely become an annual series

Trey Dobson, MD, is the chief medical officer at Southwestern Vermont Medical Center, part of Southwestern Vermont Health Care, in Bennington. 

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Emergency Department: Open, Ready, Safe. 

The last 3 months have been a uniquely challenging experience in the SVMC Emergency Department (ED) and emergency departments and hospitals all over the country and the world. I am very proud of all our staff has done and continues to do to ensure safe care for patients during this era of COVID-19. We are grateful that cases of COVID-19 in our area have been the lowest in the U.S. and have decreased even further over the past several weeks. We are also heartened to see that patients who had been avoiding the ED are now confident to return to get the care they need.

It may be surprising to hear that over the past few months, the sickest patients we have seen in the ER have not had COVID-19. Many people have refrained from seeking care for serious medical problems due to the fear of being exposed to the virus, assuming that the hospital was not a safe place to be and not recognizing the seriousness of their symptoms. The most challenging moments of the past several months have involved critically ill patients who tried to stay away for far too long due to fear of being exposed to COVID-19. We have had many sad moments trying to care for those who waited until it was too late for us to help with conditions that could have been easily treated if presented sooner.

One might expect that the greatest challenges related to the pandemic were those needed to adapt our facilities and procedures and the work of caring for sick COVID-19 patients. SVMC is fortunate to have built a strong foundation of safety and infection-prevention methods over many years, which made this transition much easier. Still, when it became apparent that we were going to see COVID-19 cases coming through our doors, we implemented many COVID-specific changes very quickly.

From day one our staff have all been fully trained to use protective equipment effectively, to focus on cleaning and disinfecting, and to move patients safely through the new areas created to keep them safe. We also spaced the waiting room chairs to allow for plenty of distance and initiated drive-by testing to keep potentially contagious people outside and away from other patients.

We immediately increased our standard of protective equipment we use. For example, all staff who relate with patients now wear both a mask and protective shield, which is a proven and effective strategy to prevent transmission. Those staff who work with patients with respiratory or other contagious symptoms also wear a gown and advanced respirators developed in cooperation with Mack Molding in Arlington. They look strange, but they help us deliver care safely.

We also quickly built special spaces and units in the hospital to treat and segregate patients with respiratory symptoms who might be contagious from those with other routine medical problems. Outpatients with symptoms that could be related to COVID-19 are directed to a spacious area called the Respiratory Evaluation Center. There they can be taken to a safe treatment space called a negative-pressure room without encountering any patients who are using the ED for other reasons or any staff who are not fully equipped with protective gear. There are similar, safe, negative-pressure units for those who require treatment in the ED or hospital.

Our hard work paid off. We have treated a number of COVID-19 patients in our ED and, as far as we know, not a single staff member was sickened in relation to their work here, and no patients have contracted COVID-19 while under our care. With our current procedures and drastically declining COVID numbers, we are confident that we can continue that trend. Furthermore, SVMC recently received a perfect score on a rigorous survey specifically designed to judge our ability to prevent transmission of COVID-19. At this time our ED is safer than just about any other public place you could go.

My goal in writing today is to communicate that SVMC’s Emergency Department is open, ready, and safe. If you need emergency care, we are here and we can care for you safely. Please do not defer emergency care until it is too late for us to help. While many symptoms can represent a serious medical problem, the most concerning are chest pain, difficulty breathing, fast heart rate, confusion, high fever, intense headache, drooping face, dehydration, or weakness. Of course, with any other symptom you feel indicates a serious problem, come in right away or call 9-1-1.

For us, spending time with patients and connecting on a personal level is the best part of our jobs. We take pride in our life-saving role in our communities and the work we have been able to do during the pandemic, but we cannot help if you do not come in. Please don’t hesitate to get the care you need when you need it.

Adam Cohen, MD, is a board-certified emergency medicine physician at Southwestern Vermont Medical Center. He also serves as the chair of the Department of Emergency Medicine and the medical director of SVMC’s Emergency Department.

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