Beyond Irregular Periods
Courtney Carter
/ Categories: WELLNESS, 2024

Beyond Irregular Periods

The Far-Reaching Effects of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome PCOS is the most common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age, affecting 5-6 million American women. Despite its prevalence, PCOS is often underdiagnosed and misunderstood, leading to delays in treatment and management. With wide-ranging symptoms that affect some but not all women with the condition, PCOS can be challenging to diagnose.

Women usually discover they have PCOS in their 20s and 30s when they notice rare or irregular menstrual periods, or have trouble getting pregnant and see a doctor, but the earliest signs can appear in some girls around the time of puberty. 

 

Common symptoms could include:

  • Missed periods, irregular periods, very light periods, or very heavy periods

  • Ovaries that are large or have many cysts 

  • Extra hair growth, most notably on the face, chest, stomach, or thighs

  • Weight gain, especially around the abdomen, and/or obesity

  • Persistent acne or oily skin

  • Elevated blood glucose and signs of elevated glucose, including patches of skin that appear dark and velvety, most often where your skin folds (think armpits and groin)

 

Diagnosing PCOS typically involves identifying at least two of the following criteria:

  • irregular or absent menstrual periods

  • signs of high androgen levels (a male sex hormone), such as unwanted facial or body hair and acne, (especially with elevated androgen laboratory results)

  • polycystic ovaries visible on an ultrasound

Blood tests may be performed to measure hormone levels, and are important as they enable your care provider to rule out other conditions that might cause similar symptoms before confirming a diagnosis of PCOS and recommending treatment.

 

While there is no cure for PCOS, various treatments can help manage its symptoms. These include:

Lifestyle changes: Maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise can reduce symptoms and help with ovulation and decrease cardiovascular risks.

Medication: Depending upon the underlying cause of your condition, your doctor may recommend one of the following medications:

  • Birth control pills: These help to control menstrual cycles, lower androgen levels, and reduce acne. 

  • Diabetes medicine: Used to lower insulin resistance in PCOS, diabetes medication may also reduce androgen levels, slow hair growth, and lead to more regular ovulation.

  • Anti-androgens: These medicines work by decreasing the amount of androgens produced by ovaries, and can help with acne and excess hair growth.

  • Fertility medication: For those seeking to conceive, fertility treatments such as ovulation-inducing medications or in vitro fertilization (IVF) may be considered. 

 

PCOS is a complex condition. Early diagnosis and tailored treatment plans can significantly improve quality of life and reduce the risk of long-term health complications. If you’re experiencing symptoms of PCOS, consult with your gynecologic provider to confirm a diagnosis and explore the most appropriate treatment options for your needs.

 

Themarge Small, MD, FACOG, is an obstetrics & gynecology specialist at SVMC.

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Emergency Department: Open, Ready, Safe. 

The last 3 months have been a uniquely challenging experience in the SVMC Emergency Department (ED) and emergency departments and hospitals all over the country and the world. I am very proud of all our staff has done and continues to do to ensure safe care for patients during this era of COVID-19. We are grateful that cases of COVID-19 in our area have been the lowest in the U.S. and have decreased even further over the past several weeks. We are also heartened to see that patients who had been avoiding the ED are now confident to return to get the care they need.

It may be surprising to hear that over the past few months, the sickest patients we have seen in the ER have not had COVID-19. Many people have refrained from seeking care for serious medical problems due to the fear of being exposed to the virus, assuming that the hospital was not a safe place to be and not recognizing the seriousness of their symptoms. The most challenging moments of the past several months have involved critically ill patients who tried to stay away for far too long due to fear of being exposed to COVID-19. We have had many sad moments trying to care for those who waited until it was too late for us to help with conditions that could have been easily treated if presented sooner.

One might expect that the greatest challenges related to the pandemic were those needed to adapt our facilities and procedures and the work of caring for sick COVID-19 patients. SVMC is fortunate to have built a strong foundation of safety and infection-prevention methods over many years, which made this transition much easier. Still, when it became apparent that we were going to see COVID-19 cases coming through our doors, we implemented many COVID-specific changes very quickly.

From day one our staff have all been fully trained to use protective equipment effectively, to focus on cleaning and disinfecting, and to move patients safely through the new areas created to keep them safe. We also spaced the waiting room chairs to allow for plenty of distance and initiated drive-by testing to keep potentially contagious people outside and away from other patients.

We immediately increased our standard of protective equipment we use. For example, all staff who relate with patients now wear both a mask and protective shield, which is a proven and effective strategy to prevent transmission. Those staff who work with patients with respiratory or other contagious symptoms also wear a gown and advanced respirators developed in cooperation with Mack Molding in Arlington. They look strange, but they help us deliver care safely.

We also quickly built special spaces and units in the hospital to treat and segregate patients with respiratory symptoms who might be contagious from those with other routine medical problems. Outpatients with symptoms that could be related to COVID-19 are directed to a spacious area called the Respiratory Evaluation Center. There they can be taken to a safe treatment space called a negative-pressure room without encountering any patients who are using the ED for other reasons or any staff who are not fully equipped with protective gear. There are similar, safe, negative-pressure units for those who require treatment in the ED or hospital.

Our hard work paid off. We have treated a number of COVID-19 patients in our ED and, as far as we know, not a single staff member was sickened in relation to their work here, and no patients have contracted COVID-19 while under our care. With our current procedures and drastically declining COVID numbers, we are confident that we can continue that trend. Furthermore, SVMC recently received a perfect score on a rigorous survey specifically designed to judge our ability to prevent transmission of COVID-19. At this time our ED is safer than just about any other public place you could go.

My goal in writing today is to communicate that SVMC’s Emergency Department is open, ready, and safe. If you need emergency care, we are here and we can care for you safely. Please do not defer emergency care until it is too late for us to help. While many symptoms can represent a serious medical problem, the most concerning are chest pain, difficulty breathing, fast heart rate, confusion, high fever, intense headache, drooping face, dehydration, or weakness. Of course, with any other symptom you feel indicates a serious problem, come in right away or call 9-1-1.

For us, spending time with patients and connecting on a personal level is the best part of our jobs. We take pride in our life-saving role in our communities and the work we have been able to do during the pandemic, but we cannot help if you do not come in. Please don’t hesitate to get the care you need when you need it.

Adam Cohen, MD, is a board-certified emergency medicine physician at Southwestern Vermont Medical Center. He also serves as the chair of the Department of Emergency Medicine and the medical director of SVMC’s Emergency Department.

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