Tips for Preventing & Treating Swimmer's Ear

Swimmer's ear, also known as otitis externa, is a common infection that occurs in the outer ear canal, which runs from your eardrum to the outside of your head. Despite its name, you don't have to be a swimmer to get it. The infection typically develops when water gets trapped in your ear, creating a moist environment where bacteria or fungi can thrive.

The signs of swimmer's ear can range from mild to severe and may include:

► Itching in your ear canal

► Redness inside your ear

► Discomfort that worsens when you pull on your outer ear

► Drainage of clear, odorless fluid

► Pain when chewing

► Reduced hearing or a feeling of fullness in the ear

In more advanced cases, severe pain or fever may be experienced.

If you suspect you have swimmer's ear, it's best to see a healthcare provider. How the condition is treated will depend on how severe the infection is.

In most cases, ear drops containing antibiotics and possibly corticosteroids to fight infection and reduce inflammation will be prescribed for a week or more. Typically, you’ll begin to feel some relief within a day or two, with the infection fully clearing up in 7-10 days.

For severe infections, oral antibiotics may also be prescribed.

Regardless of the severity, over-the-counter pain relievers are often recommended to manage ear pain.  

During treatment, it's crucial to keep your ears dry. Yes, this means no swimming, splashing or cannonballs. When showering, it’s recommended to place a cotton ball coated with petroleum jelly in the opening of the ear to prevent water from entering the ear canal.

Of course, the best approach to dealing with swimmer’s ear is preventing it from happening.

Here are four tips for reducing your risk:

1. Dry your ears thoroughly after swimming or bathing. Tilt your head to each side to let water drain out.

2. Wear earplugs or a swimming cap while swimming.

3. Avoid inserting foreign objects into your ears—including cotton swabs. These can damage the delicate skin in your ear canal, making it more susceptible to infection.

4. If you're prone to swimmer's ear, consider making and using preventive ear drops  to help prevent bacterial growth. Alternatively, you can purchase over-the-counter drops of a dilute solution of acetic acid or alcohol to use in your ears after swimming.

Kelsey Pierce, PA-C, is a physician assistant at SVMC Pediatrics, part of Southwestern Vermont Medical Center